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Kamis, 15 Mei 2014

Tugas Materi Softskill Bulan 3

Passive Voice


1.      Somebody calls the president everyday
Answer : The President was called by somebody everyday
2.      John is calling the other members
Answer : The other members is being called by John
3.      Somebody will call Mr Walson tonight
Answer : Mr. Walson will be called by somebody tonight
4.      The fire has caused considerate damage 
Answer : Considerate damage has been caused by the fire
5.      The teacher should buy the supplies for this class
Answer : The supplies should be bought by the teacher for this class

Exercise 36 Causative Verb
1.       The Teacher made juan to leave the room.
2.      Toshiko had her car repair by a mechanic.
3.      Ellen got Marvin typed her paper.
4.      I made jane call her friend on the telephone.
5.      we got our house painted last week.
6.      Dr Byrd is having the students write a composition.
7.      The Policemen made the suspect lie on the ground.
8.      Mark got his transcript sent to the university.
9.      Maria is getting her hair to cut tomorrow.
10.  We will have to get the Dean to sign this form.
11.  The teacher let Al leave the classroom.
12.  Maria got Ed washed the pippets.
13.  She always has her car fixed by the same mechanic.
14.  Gene got his book published by a subsidy publisher.
15.  We have to help janet to find her keys.


Fungsi Causative

Kita menggunakan Causative ketika kitamenginginkan seseorang untuk melakukan sesuatu untuk kita atau kita menginginkan sesuatu tersebut terselesaikan untuk kita. Ada dua jenis bentuk causative, yakni active causativedan passive causative.

Rumus dan Contoh Penggunaan Causative

1.      Active Causative (Subjectmenyebabkan object melakukan sesuatu)

Subject + (have - had/make - made/let/help) + Object (person/ orang) + Verb 1

Contoh:
She had John clean this room.
(Artinya: Dia menyuruh/meminta John membersihkan ruangan ini)

They make us help them every morning.
My mother has my uncle kill the dog.

Subject + (ask/get - got/allow) + Object (person/ orang) + to + Verb 1

Contoh:
She got CConan to clean this room.
(Arti: Dia menyuruh/meminta Conan membersihkan ruangan ini)

We got the boy to repair the car yesterday.
They ask me to send the letter.

CATATAN:
Pada kalimat Active Causative, Object-nya adalah orang dan menggunakan kata kerja bentuk pertama (VERB 1).

2.    Passive Causative (Subject menginginkan object diselesaikan oleh seseorang)

Subject + (have - had/get - got) + Object (thing/ benda) + Verb 3

Contoh:
She got this room cleaned.
(Artinya: Dia menyuruh/meminta ruangan ini dibersihkan)

My father had the car painted in the garage.
We have our clothes cleaned at the dry-cleaned.

Senin, 07 April 2014

TUGAS MATERI SOFTSKILL BULAN 2


Exercise 33 Because / Because of  Page : 121
 1. because
 2. because
 3. because of
 4. because
 5. because of
 6. because of
 7. because of
 8. because
 9. because
 10. because of



Exercise 34 so/ such Page : 124
 1. so
 2. such
 3. so
 4. such
 5. so
 6. so
 7. such
 8. so
 9. such
 10. such
 11. so
 12. so
 13. such
 14. so
 15. so


Penggunaan Connectors
Connectors atau kata sambung adalah kata yang digunakan untuk menghubungkan/menggabungkan kata dengan kata yang lain, phrase dengan phrase yang lain, atau clause dengan clause yang lain. Ada 3 tipe conjunctions: coordinating conjunctions, correlative conjunctions, dan subordinating conjunctions.
a.       Coordinating conjunctions
Connectors ini digunakan untuk menggabungkan kata dengan kata yang lain, menggabungkan phrase dengan phrase yang lain, atau kalimat dengan kalimat yang lain. Yang dihubungkan oleh conjunction tipe ini harus merupakan element kalimat yang sama, misalnya: subject+subject, verb phrase+verb phrase, sentence+sentence.
Ada 7 coordinating conjunctions yaitu: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so. Untuk mempermudah mengingatnya coba gunakan akronim ini: FANBOYS; F untuk for, A untuk and, N untuk nor, dan seterusnya.
Contoh:
1.             The boy keeps the lights on, for he is afraid of sleeping in the dark. (Anak itu membiarkan lampunya menyala karena dia takut tidur dalam keadaan gelap).
2.             He has one good dictionary and at least 3 good English books. (Dia punya 1 kamus bagus dan paling tidak 3 buku bahasa Inggris bagus).
3.             She is a vegetarian. She will not eat beef, nor will she eat chicken. (Dia seorang vegetarian. Dia tidak akan makan daging sapi, dia juga tidak akan makan daging ayam).
4.             She is cute but evil. (Dia cantik tapi jahat).
5.             Do you want to go with me or to stay home? (Apakah kamu mau ikut saya atau tinggal di rumah?).
6.             I didn’t study, yet I passed the exam. (Saya tidak belajar, tetapi saya lulus).
7.             My dad was very tired, so he went to bed earlier. (Papa saya sangat capek, oleh karena itu dia pergi tidur lebih awal).
Note:
·         Gunakan koma sebelum conjunction jika conjunction tersebut menggabungkan dua kalimat. Koma juga digunakan jika conjunctions menggabungkan lebih dari 2 kata atau phrase. Contoh: We studied math, physics, and chemistry last semester.
·         For juga berfungsi sebagai preposition. Sebagai preposisiton, for diikuti oleh noun. Contoh: I am waiting for a cab. (i.e. cab = taxi)
·         Yet juga berfungsi sebagai adverb. Contoh: I haven’t finished reading this article yet. Lihat penggunaan adverb yet pada pembahasan tentang present perfect tense.
·         So = as jika diikuti oleh adjective/adverb. Lihat penggunaannya pada pembahasan tentang comparisons.

b.      Paired conjunctions/Correlative conjunctions
Conjunctions ini juga menggabungkan element-element kalimat seperti di atas.
Bedanya adalah selalu digunakan secara berpasangan.
both…and either…or
not only…but also neither…nor
Contoh:
1.      Both my sister and my brother can play the guitar. My sister dan my brother dua-duanya bisa main gitar).
2.      He is not only handsome but also smart. (Dia bukan saja tampan tapi juga pintar). Note: jika not only diletakkan di awal kalimat, lakukan inversi terhadap auxiliary/be/do,does,did ke depan subject kalimat. Jadi kalimat ini juga dapat ditulis: Not only is he handsome but also smart.
3.      Either the students or the teacher is going to go to the museum tomorrow. (Baik murid-murid maupun guru akan pergi ke museum besok).
4.      Neither John, Sussie nor I have a good studying habit. (Baik John, Sussie maupun saya tidak punya kebiasaan belajar yang baik). Mungkin, belajarnya hanya jika ada ujian. Note: Dengan perkecualian both…and, jika corrective conjunctions menggabungkan singular dan plural subjects, bentuk verb (apakah singular atau plural) ditentukan oleh subject yang paling dekat dengan (yang langsung diikuti oleh) verb tersebut.
Perhatikan: pada contoh 3 digunakan is going to (bukan are going to) karena langsung mengikuti the teacher (singular subject). Pada contoh 4 digunakan have (bukan has) karena langsung mengikuti I. Sekarang coba kita perhatikan penulisannya, ketika posisi subjectnya diputar:
1.      Either the teacher or the students are going to go to the museum tomorrow. (Baik guru maupun murid-murid akan pergi ke museum besok).
2.      Neither John, I nor Sussie has a good studying habit. (Baik John, saya maupun Sussie tidak punya kebiasaan belajar yang baik).

c.        Subordinating conjunction.
Subordinating conjuctions adalah kata-kata yang dapat digunakan untuk membentuk adverbial clause (yang umumnya merupakan anak kalimat /subordinate clause) dari kalimat pokok (main clause).
Jumlah conjunctions tipe ini sangat banyak dan pada umumnya adalah adverbs. Conjunction tipe ini dapat dikelompokkan menjadi 5, yaitu conjunction yang menyatakan waktu (time), sebab akibat (cause dan effect), makna berlawanan (opposition), tujuan (purpose), dan pengandaian (conditional).
1.      Digunakan untuk menyatakan waktu (time).
·         Waktu
after (setelah) till (hingga/sampai) the first time (pertama kali)
before (sebelum) as soon as (segera setelah) the second time (kedua kali)
when (ketika) once (segera setelah) the last time (terakhir kali)
while (sementara) as long as (sepanjang) the next time (kali berikut)
as (sementara) so long as (sepanjang) by the time since (sejak)
when ever (setiap kali) until (hingga/sampai) every time (setiap kali) Contoh:
o      We will play football after we finish doing the homework. (Kami akan main bola setelah kami selesai mengerjakan PR).
o      Before they got married last month, they had been seeing each other for almost ten years. (Sebelum mereka kawin bulan lalu, mereka telah pacaran selama hampir 10 tahun).
o       When I got home last night, someone was trying to break into my house. (Ketika saya tiba di rumah tadi malam, seseorang sedang mencoba masuk ke rumah saya). Note: Break into = masuk biasanya karena berniat jahat, i.e. mau mencuri, ect.)
o      A friend of mine felt asleep on his desk while the teacher was teaching. (Teman saya tertidur di mejanya sementara pak guru menerangkan).
o      She has turned into a different person since she became a famous artist. (Dia telah berubah menjadi orang yang berbeda sejak dia menjadi artis terkenal).
o      I will keep studying hard until the final exam is over next week. (Saya akan terus belajar keras sampai ujian akhir selesai minggu depan).
o       The first time we went to Bali, we went to Tanah Lot. (Pertama kali kami pergi ke bali, kami pergi ke Tanah Lot).
o      The next time I play you, I will kick your ass. (Kali berikut saya main (lawan) kamu, saya akan kalahkan kamu. Note: kick your ass = kick your butt = mengalahkan. Sangat informal.

2.      Digunakan untuk menyatakan sebab akibat (cause-effect).
Sebab akibat
because (karena) inasmuch as (karena) so…that (sehingga)
since (karena) now that (karena sekarang) such …that (sehingga) as (karena) Contoh:
·         He got an accident because he drove while he was drunk. (Dia mendapat kecelakaan karena dia nyetir sementara mabuk).
·         I passed that course easily since the questions were very easy. (Saya lulus mata kuliah itu dengan mudah karena soal-soalnya sangat mudah).
·         As she had nothing to do, she asked me to come over to her house. (Karena dia tidak ada yang dikerjakan, dia meminta saya pergi ke rumahnya).
·         Inasmuch as the two countries’ leaders didn’t reach an agreement, the possibility of war between the two countries remains open. (Karena kedua kepala negara tidak mencapai suatu kesepakatan, kemungkinan adanya perang antara kedua negara tersebut masih tinggi).
·         The coffee is so hot that I can’t drink it. (Kopinya begitu panas, oleh karena itu, saya tidak dapat meminumnya).

3.      Untuk menyatakan makna yang berlawanan (opposition).
Makna yang Berlawanan
although (walaupun even though (walaupun) while (sedangkan)
though (walaupun) whereas (sedangkan) no matter (tidak memandang)
Contoh:
·         Although he is not tall, he is a very good volleyball player. (Walaupun dia tidak tinggi, dia seorang pemain bola volley yang sangat hebat).
·         No matter how hard I tried, the math problems couldn’t be solved. (Tidak memandang betapa kerasnya saya mencoba, soal-soal matematika itu tidak dapat dipecahkan/diselesaikan).

4.      Untuk menyatakan tujuan (purpose).
Tujuan
in order to (agar) in order (that) (agar) so that (agar)
Contoh:
·         During the class, we need to be quiet in order to be able to listen to what the teacher says.
·         I turned off the TV so that my roommate could study well
·         I turned off the TV in order (that) my roommate could study well.
·         They keep practicing their English in order (that) their English improves
steadily. (Mereka terus berlatih bahasa Inggris agar bahasa Inggrisnya terus meningkat).
Note: a) in order to diikuti oleh verbs, sedangkan in order (that) dan so that diikuti oleh clause (i.e. S +V). b). Arti so that di sini berbeda dengan so that untuk menyatakan sebab akibat. Perhatikan juga perbedaan polanya.

5.      Untuk menyatakan pengandaian (conditional).
Conditional
if (jika) whether or not in case (that) (jika)
unless (jika tidak) even if (walaupun jika) providing (that) = if or only if
only if (hanya jika) in the event (that) provided (that) = if or only if
Contoh:
·         If my parents were not home, I would invite my friends to come over. (jika orangtua saya tidak di rumah, saya akan undang teman-teman saya datang ke rumah).
·         I will go unless it rains. (Saya akan pergi jika tidak hujan). Note: unless = if…not. Jadi, kalimataya dapat ditulis menjadi: I will go if it doesn’t rain.

Sumber :

Senin, 10 Maret 2014

Tugas Materi Softskill Pertemuan 1

Exercise 21               : Conditional sentences
Page                         : 97-98

  1. Henry talks to his dog as if it (understood) him.
  2. If they had left the house earlier, they (would not have been) so late getting to the airport that they could not check their baggage.
  3. If I finish the dress before Saturday, I (will give) it to my sister for her birthday.
  4. If I had seen the movie, I (would had) you about it last night.
  5. Had bob not interfered in his sister’s marital problems, there (would have been) peace between them.
  6. He would give you the money if he (had) it.
  7. I wish they (stopped) making so much noise so that I could concentrate.
  8. She would call you immediately if she (needed) help.
  9. Had they arrived at the sale early, they would (have found) a better selection.
  10. We hope that you (enjoyed) the party last night.
  11. If you have enough time, please (painting) the chair before you leave.
  12. We could go for a drive if today (were) Saturday.
  13. If she wins the prize, it will be because she (writes) very well.
  14. Mike wished that the editors (had permitted) him to copy some of their material.
  15. Joel wishes that he (had spent) his vacation on the gulf coast next year.
  16. I (will accept) if they invite me to the party.
  17. If your (mother buys) that car for you, will you be happy.
  18. If he (had decided) earlier, he could have left on the afternoon flight.
  19. Had we known your address, we (would have written) you a letter.
  20. If the roofer doesn’t come soon, the rain (will leak) inside.
  21. Because rose did so poorly on the exam, she wishes that she (studied)  harder last night.
  22. My dog always wakes me up if he (hears) strange noises.
  23. If you (see) mary today, please ask her to call me.
  24. If he (gets) the raise, it will be because he does a good job.
  25. The teacher will not accept our work if we (turn) it in late.
  26. Mrs. Wood always talks to her tenth-grade student as though they (were)   adults.
  27. If he had left already, he (would have called) us.
  28. If they had known him, they (would have talked) to him.
  29. He would understand it if you (explained) it to him more slowly.
  30. I could understand the French teacher if she (spoke) more slowly.




Exercise 26                : Adjectives and Adverbs
Page                          : 107

  1. Rita plays the violin (well).
  2. That is an (intense) novel.
  3. The sun is shining (brightly).
  4. The girls speak (fluent) French.
  5. The boys speak Spanish (fluently).
  6. The table has a (smooth) surface.
  7. We must figure our income tax returns (accurately).
  8. We don't like to drink (bitter) tea.
  9. The plane will arrive (soon).
  10. He had an accident because he was driving too (fast).



Exercise 27                      : Linking ( Copulative ) Verbs
Page                                : 109

  1. Your cold sounds (terrible).
  2. The pianist plays very (well).
  3. The food in the restaurant always tasted (good).
  4. The campers remained (calmly) despite the thunderstrom.
  5. They became (sick) after eating the contaminated food.
  6. Professor Calandra looked (quick) at the students sketches.
  7. Paco was working (diligently) on the project.
  8. Paul protested (vehemently) about the new proposals.
  9. Our neighbour appeared (relaxed) after their vacation.
  10. The music sounded too (noisy) to be classical.



Exercise 28                    : Comparisons
Page                              : 114

  1. John an his friends left (as soon) as the professor had finished his lecture.
  2. His job is (more important) than his friend's.
  3. He plays the guitar (as well) as Andreas Segovia
  4. A new house is much (more expensive) than an older one.
  5. Last week was (as hot) as this week.
  6. Martha is (more talented) than her cousin.
  7. Bill's descriptions are (more colorful) than this wife's.
  8. Nobody is (happier) than Maria Elena.
  9. The boys felt (worse) than the girls about losing the game.
  10. A greyhound runs (faster) than a Chihuahua.



Exercise 29                    : Comparisons
Page                              : 114

  1. The Empire State Building is taller (than) the Statue of Liberty.
  2. California is farther from New York (than) Pennsylvania.
  3. Hi assignment is different (from) mine.
  4. Louie reads more quickly (than) his sisters.
  5. No animal is so big (as) King Kong.
  6. Than report is less impressive (than) the government's.
  7. Sam wears the same shirt (as) his teammates.
  8. Dave paints much more realistically (than) his professor.
  9. The twins have less money at the end of the month (than) they have at the  beginning.
  10. Her sports car is different (from) Nancy's.



Exercise 30                    : Comparisons
Page                              : 117

  1. Of the four dresses, i like the red one (best).
  2. Phil is the (happiest) person we know.
  3. Pat's car is (faster) than Dan's.
  4. This is the (creamiest) ice cream i have had in long time.
  5. This poster is (more colorful) than the one in the hall.
  6. Does Fred feel (better) today than he did yesterday?
  7. This vegetable soup tastes very (good).
  8. While trying to balance the baskets on her head, the woman walk (more awkwardly) than her daughter.
  9. Jane is the (least) athletic of all the woman.
  10. My cat is the (prettier) of the two.
  11. This summary is (the best) of the pair.
  12. Your heritage is different (from) mine.
  13. This painting is (less impressive) than the one in the other gallery.
  14. The colder the weather gets, (the sicker) i feel.
  15. No sooner had he received the letter (than) he called Maria.
  16. A mink coat costs (twice as much as) a sable coat.
  17. Jim has a (few) opportunities to play tennis as I.
  18. That recipe calls for (much) more sugar than mine does.
  19. The museum is the (farthest) away of the three buildings.
  20. George Washington is (more famous) than John Jay.